After a Bill Receives Its First Reading, the Next Step Is to _____. Answers.com

Proposed law

A bill is proposed legislation under consideration by a legislature.^[one] A beak does non become constabulary until information technology is passed by the legislature too every bit, in nigh cases, approved by the executive. Once a bill has been enacted into constabulary, it is chosen an human action of the legislature, or a statute. Bills are introduced in the legislature and are discussed, debated and voted upon.

Usage [edit]

The= word bill is primarily used in Anglophone U.k., the parts of a bill are known every bit clauses, until it has become an act of parliament, from which time the parts of the law are known as sections.^[2]

In Napoleonic law nations (including France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Spain and Portugal), a proposed constabulary may exist known as a "police projection" (Fr. projet de loi), which is a authorities-introduced neb, or a "police force proffer" (Fr. proffer de loi), a private member'south bill. For example the Dutch parliamentary system does not brand this terminological distinction (wetsontwerp and wetsvoorstel being used interchangeably).

Preparation [edit]

Bills more often than not include titles, enacting provisions, statements of intent, definitions, noun provisions, transitional clauses, and dates which the beak volition exist put into effect.^[3] The preparation of a bill may involve the production of a draft bill prior to the introduction of the bill into the legislature.^[4] In the United kingdom, typhoon bills are often considered to exist confidential.^[5] Pre-legislative scrutiny is a formal process carried out by a parliamentary committee on a draft bill.^[6]

In Parliament of India, the draft bill is sent to individual ministry building relating to the matter. From there the pecker goes to Ministry of Constabulary and Justice (Republic of india) so is passed on to Chiffonier committee which is headed by Prime Minister.

Pre-legislative scrutiny is required in much of Scandinavia, occurs in Ireland at the discretion of the Oireachtas (parliament) and occurs in the U.k. at the government's discretion.^[7]

In the Parliament of Ireland under Poynings' Constabulary (1494–1782) legislation had to be pre-approved by the Privy Quango of Ireland and Privy Council of England, so in practice each nib was substantively debated every bit "heads of a pecker", and so submitted to the privy councils for approval, and finally formally introduced as a bill and rejected or passed unamended.^[8]

Introduction [edit]

In the Westminster system, where the executive is drawn from the legislature and commonly holds a majority in the lower business firm, most bills are introduced by the executive (government bill). In principle, the legislature meets to consider the demands of the executive, as set out in the Queen's Spoken communication or Speech from the Throne.

While mechanisms be to permit other members of the legislature to introduce bills, these are field of study to strict timetables and usually neglect unless a consensus is reached. In the Usa organisation, where the executive is formally separated from the legislature, all bills must originate from the legislature. Bills can exist introduced using the following procedures:

• Leave: A motion is brought earlier the bedchamber request that exit be given to bring in a bill. This is used in the British organization in the form of the Ten Minute Dominion motion. The legislator has x minutes to propose a beak, which can then exist considered past the Firm on a 24-hour interval appointed for the purpose. While this rule remains in identify in the rules of process of the US Congress, it is seldom used.
• Government motion: In jurisdictions where the executive tin command legislative business concern a pecker may be brought in past executive fiat.

Legislative stages [edit]

Bills are generally considered through a number of readings. This refers to the celebrated do of the clerical officers of the legislature reading the contents of a bill to the legislature. While the pecker is no longer read, the motions on the bill still refer to this practice.

In the British/Westminster system, for a new police force to be made information technology starts off as a neb and has to go through the 7 stages of the legislative process. These are: Commencement Reading, Second reading, Committee stage, Report Stage, Tertiary Reading, Contrary House, and then Royal Assent. A beak is introduced usually by a Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons or by a member of the Firm Of Lords.

There will be a beginning reading of the bill, in which the proposition in the bill is read out, just there is minimal discussion and no voting.

Afterward this in that location is a second reading of the bill, in which the beak is presented in more than detail and it is discussed betwixt the MPs or Lords.

The third stage is the commission stage, in which a committee is gathered. This may include MPs, Lords, professionals and experts in the field, and other people who the neb may affect. The purpose of this phase is to go into more detail on the nib and gather expert opinions on it (e.thousand. teachers may be present in a committee well-nigh a bill that would affect the education organisation) and amendments may be brought.

Afterwards this is the report phase, in which the entire house reviews any and all changes made to the beak since its conception and may bring further amendments.

The fifth phase is the third reading of the bill, in which the full beak is read out in the firm along with all amendments and is given concluding approval by the Firm.

The adjacent stage is where the bill is handed over to the contrary house for approval. (If it started in the House of Commons information technology will be handed to the Business firm of Lords and vice versa.) Here the bill will get through the exact same process as before, with amendments able to be brought. If amendments are brought the neb volition again be handed to the opposite house, going through the same process, which repeats until both houses make it at an agreement on the beak. (In the rare circumstance that the two houses cannot agree, the House of Commons has the final say as it is an elected body, whereas the Business firm Of Lords is not).

Once the bill is finalized, information technology will move to the concluding stage, Royal Assent. In this the piece of legislation is given to the Monarch (currently Queen Elizabeth Ii) to give her majestic assent for the bill to become police force. Though the monarch does have the right to decline to do so, the monarch is but able to see the short championship of bill, for case, they would merely exist able to run across "Offensive Weapons Act 2019". Once the assent is granted the law comes into effect at the date and fourth dimension specified within the human action, if this is non specified within the act, it will come up into issue at midnight on the same mean solar day it was granted royal assent.

India [edit]

In India, for a law to exist made it starts off as a beak and has to go through various stages:

1. In that location volition be "beginning reading" of the bill where minister takes leave from the business firm and introduces title and objectives of the nib. Hither, no word or voting takes place. And and then the nib is published in Gazette of India.
2. After this in that location is a "second reading" of the bill, where the bill receives its final shape.
3. The bills first get through the 'stage of full general discussion' where the bill is referred to select commission/ articulation committee for detailed scrutiny through a motion.
4. Under 'committee stage' the neb is scrutinized in detail in the committee and a study is submitted in the respective house.
5. Nether 'consideration phase' the nib is discussed in detail in the house and is voted upon.
6. And so under "3rd reading" the bill is voted upon as a whole and if majority of the business firm present and voting favours the bill, then the neb is considered passed and is authenticated by presiding officer.
7. The bill is and so passed to the other house for its consideration.
8. And if both houses agree, the bill reaches the President where he can assent, withhold assent, return for consideration and can also sit on the pecker.

Enactment and later [edit]

"How a bill becomes a law" redirects here. For the Parks and Recreation episode, see How a Pecker Becomes a Law.

Where a piece of primary legislation is termed an act, the process of a neb becoming police force may be termed enactment. Once a bill is passed by the legislature, it may automatically become law, or information technology may demand further approval, in which instance enactment may be effected by the approver'due south signature or proclamation.

Blessing [edit]

A bill to amend the act entitled "An deed to organize forces to serve during the state of war," canonical February. 17, 1864.

Bills passed by the legislature usually require the approval of the executive such as the monarch, president, or governor to become law.^[ix] Exceptions are the Irish Free Land from the abolition of the Governor-General in Dec 1936 to the cosmos of the part of President in December 1937, and Israel from its germination until today, during which catamenia bills canonical by the Oireachtas and Knesset respectively became/get law immediately (though, in State of israel's case, the laws are ceremonially signed later their passage by the President).

In parliamentary systems, blessing of the executive is normally a formality since the head of country is directed by an executive controlled by the legislature. In constitutional monarchies, this approving is called royal assent. In rare cases, approval may be refused or "reserved" by the head of country'due south use of a reserve power. The legislature may take significantly less power to introduce bills on such issues and may require the approval beforehand. In Commonwealth realms the royal prerogative informs this. In the U.k., for case, cases include payments to the royal family, succession to the throne, and the monarch's exercise of prerogative powers.

In presidential systems, the need to receive blessing can be used as a political tool past the executive, and its refusal is known as a veto. The legislature may be able to override the veto by means of a supermajority vote.

In some jurisdictions, a bill passed by the legislature may also crave approval by a constitutional court. If the court finds the pecker would violate the constitution it may annul it or send it back to the legislature for correction. In Ireland, the President has discretion under Article 26 of the Constitution to refer bills to the Supreme Court. In Deutschland, the Federal Ramble Court has discretion to rule on bills.

Some bills may require approving by referendum. In Republic of ireland this is obligatory for bills to amend the constitution; it is possible for other bills via a process that has never been used.

Later on [edit]

A bill may come up into force every bit before long equally it becomes constabulary, or it may specify a subsequently engagement to come into force, or it may specify by whom and how it may be brought into strength; for instance, by ministerial order. Different parts of an act may come into force at different times.

An act is typically promulgated past being published in an official gazette. This may exist required on enactment, coming into forcefulness, or both.

Numbering of bills [edit]

Legislatures give bills numbers every bit they progress.

United States [edit]

In the Usa, all bills originating in the Business firm of Representatives begin with "H.R." and all bills originating from the Senate begin with an "S.". Every two years, at the start of odd-numbered years, the Us Congress recommences numbering from 1, though for bills the House has an order reserving the starting time twenty bill numbers and the Senate has like measures for the offset 10 bills. Joint resolutions also have the same effect as bills, and are titled as "H. J. Res." or "S. J. Res." depending on whether they originated in the House or Senate, respectively. This means that two different bills can have the same number. Each two-yr bridge is called a congress, tracking the terms of Representatives elected in the nationwide biennial House of Representatives elections, and each congress is divided into year-long periods called sessions.^[10]

United Kingdom [edit]

In the Great britain, for example, the Coroners and Justice Act in 2009 started as Bill 9 in the Business firm of Commons. Then it became Bill 72 on consideration past the Committee, after that information technology became Firm of Lords Neb 33. Then information technology became Firm of Lords Neb 77, returned to the Firm of Commons every bit Bill 160 before finally beingness passed as Deed 29.^{[11] [12]} Parliament recommences numbering from one at the get-go of each session. This means that two different bills may have the same number. Sessions of parliament normally last a year. They begin with the State Opening of Parliament, and end with Prorogation.

Ireland [edit]

In the Irish Oireachtas, bills are numbered sequentially from the start of each calendar year. Bills originating in the Dáil and Seanad share a common sequence. There are separate sequences for public and private bills, the latter prefixed with "P". Although acts to amend the constitution are outside the almanac sequence used for other public acts, bills to better the constitution are within the annual sequence of public bills.^[13]

Philippines [edit]

In the Philippines, all bills passed into police, regardless of whether they were introduced in the House of Representatives or the Senate, are numbered sequentially beginning with the beginning Republic Act that became law on July 15, 1946. There have been eleven,646 Republic Acts as of January 21, 2022.^{[xiv] [15]}All Laws passed past Congress, once given Presidential Assent get police and are given a sequential number and are prefixed with "Commonwealth Act" or "R.A." for short. They are also given a secondary sequential number by the chamber they are introduced in. Same numberings restart every 3 years after the formation of a new Congress.

See also [edit]

• Legislation
• List of legislatures by country (well-nigh legislature manufactures accept information on their processes)
• Resolution (law)
• White paper
• Bill (Usa Congress)
• Procedures of the United States Congress
• Private bill

References [edit]

1. ^ [1] - Education 2020: Government course; topic House of Representatives (USA), definition of bill: "A proposed law presented to a legislative torso for consideration."
2. ^ "Clauses - Glossary page". UK Parliament . Retrieved 15 July 2015.
3. ^ Kealy, Sean. "African Parliamentary Knowledge Network Legislative Handbook: Using Show to Design and Assess Legislation" (PDF).
4. ^ Hilaire Barnett. Ramble and Administrative Law. 2d Edition. Cavendish. 1998. Page 537.
5. ^ Bradley and Ewing. Ramble and Authoritative Police force. Twelfth Edition. Longman. 1997. Folio 718.
6. ^ "Glossary page — Pre-legislative scrutiny". United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland Parliament . Retrieved 4 February 2019.
7. ^ "Pre-legislative scrutiny (PLS) by parliament" (PDF). Spotlight. Oireachtas.
8. ^ Kelly, James (2006). "The making of law in eighteenth-century Ireland : the significance and import of Poynings' law". In Dawson, Norma (ed.). Reflections on Law and History: Irish Legal History Social club Discourses and Other Papers, 2000–2005. Irish Legal History Society. Vol. 17. 4 Courts Press. pp. 259–277. ISBN9781851829378.
9. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 12 March 2009. Retrieved 17 May 2009. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
10. ^ "GovTrack: Search Legislation in Congress". GovTrack.usa. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
11. ^ "Coroners and Justice Bill 2008–09". Archived from the original on 13 February 2010.
12. ^ "Coroners and Justice Act 2009" (PDF). Role of Public Sector Information. 12 November 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 March 2010. Retrieved 23 March 2010.
13. ^ For case, the list of Oireachtas bills for 2002 includes numbers 31 and 32 (ramble amendments) 45 and 47 (originating in Seanad) 46 (originating in Dáil) and P1 (private).
14. ^ "Republic Acts | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines". Official Gazette of the Democracy of the Philippines . Retrieved 26 January 2022. {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: url-condition (link)
15. ^ "Commonwealth Act No. 11646 | GOVPH". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines . Retrieved 26 January 2022. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

External links [edit]

Hong Kong [edit]

• Bills Committees of the Legislative Quango

Republic of india [edit]

• The Indian Constitution
• Regime of Republic of india Laws

Ireland [edit]

• How laws are made
• Detect bills and acts (since 1922; fractional)
• Bills (since 1997; consummate)

New Zealand [edit]

• Parliamentary Counsel Office—Terminology: What are Acts, Bills, regulations, and Supplementary Order Papers (SOPs)?
• List of current bills

United Kingdom [edit]

• Uk Parliament Guide: Passage of a Bill
• BBC Parliament Guide:
  • Making new law
  • Types of beak
  • Beak process
  • First reading
  • Second reading
  • Commons committee stage
  • Lords committee stage
  • Report stage
  • Third reading
  • Passage through the other Firm
  • Majestic assent
  • Delegated legislation

U.s. [edit]

• Bills, Resolutions Archived 19 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine at THOMAS
• Authorities 101: How a bill becomes a law at Project Vote Smart
• Federal legislation at GovTrack
• How a law is made at the Due north Carolina General Assembly

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_%28law%29

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